Analysis of Economic and Social Capital Dynamics in the Empowerment of Potential Halal Tourism Communities at Lon Beach, Malang

Abstract

This study examines the dynamics of economic and social capital in community empowerment in halal tourism development at Lon Beach, Malang, Sampang Regency. The research background stems from the rapid growth of global halal tourism and Indonesia's achievement in the 2024 Global Muslim Travel Index, although aspects of connectivity, digital literacy, and sustainability still need to be strengthened. Using qualitative methods through observation, interviews, and documentation, NVivo 14 analysis was used to map the relationship patterns between elements of economic and social capital. The results show that economic capital is reflected in the optimization of village assets, the development of MSMEs, the use of simple technology, and self-funding. The existence of physical facilities supports destination operations, but limited digital literacy and external investment pose obstacles. Social capital plays a role through social networks, trust, sharia norms, and collaboration between Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes), Tourism Awareness Groups (Pokdarwis), religious leaders, and the community, which strengthens community-based governance. Overall, the synergy of economic and social capital provides a strong foundation for inclusive and sustainable halal tourism development. These findings provide theoretical and practical contributions to the development of a community-empowerment-based halal tourism model.

Keywords : Economic Capital, Social Capital, Lon Beach Malang Sampang, Community Empowerment, Halal Tourism